Evidence of Bundled Interventions and Multimodal Strategies in the Mollification of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs) in the General Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review

Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs) constitute one of the most prevalent healthcare-associated infections, which contemporarily accounts for over 30% of nosocomial infections globally. Despite proven advances made towards the establishment of effective prevention strategies, the clinical and economic burden of CAUTIs remains significant. This is attributed to inconsistent implementation and compliance to evidence-based practices. This systematic review critically appraises the effectiveness of bundled interventions and multimodal strategies in mollifying CAUTI rates, identifying robust components and implementation of facilitators whilst addressing barriers. A comprehensive search adhering to PRISMA guidelines identified 21 studies spanning varying healthcare settings worldwide from 2014 to 2025 (present). The 21 included studies evaluated a myriad of bundled interventions and multimodal strategies, integrating components such as aseptic insertion, multidisciplinary collaboration, early catheter removal, education, and surveillance. Meta-analysis revealed that these interventions collectively attained a significant reduction in CAUTI incidence, with a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 0.37, reflecting a 63% reduction in infection rates. Key findings underscore that the most effective interventions combine technical precision with behavioural and systemic enhancements. This review reinforces the utility of bundled and multimodal strategies as the gold standard for CAUTI prevention. It made available actionable insights for healthcare professionals, policymakers, scholars and researchers to refine and adapt these interventions/strategies across diverse clinical contexts.