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The post-war situation in Kosovo after 1999, in most cities and especially in rural settlements, was immensely difficult due to completely or partially burned public facilities, among which, school buildings suffered the most. To recover such a state, emergency interventions from many international organizations besides reconstruction of residential buildings being the priority of the programs were mainly focused in the improvement of the primary school buildings’ infrastructure, as it was an important factor to return residents in their settlements. The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of emergency design and construction of primary schools in the post-war period in Kosovo, from 1999 and afterward, also to investigate the impact of the used standards on the reforming of the educational system.

The lack of a sustainable urban mobility plan for the city of Pristina and its linkage to spatial plans in the future will bring serious problems for the city, which will have a negative impact on the quality of life. Lack of a serious and professional approach to sustainable city planning, uncontrolled expansion and without predetermined criteria, social cohesion and services have brought the city to a critical point of development. It is clear that the factual situation of parking lots in Pristina is problematic. The need for parking spaces and public parking garages in Prishtina are very immediate. There is no parking plan where there are legal, private parking, illegal parking lots. Therefore, it is important to provide data on the basis of which will be the best solution for parking regulation and categorization.

We are happy to end 2018 in a successful way with all your support and hope to have a wonderful 2019 overflowing with endless interesting articles from all over the world. The Editorial Board and everybody in JOSHA would like to thank our readers and authors for supporting this project. Moreover, we were receiving around 100 articles that conform to a total of almost 300 articles since 2014 with more than 400,000 visits and more than 300,000 downloads, and concerning this last issue, in December 2018, a total of 7 articles belonging to the areas of medicine, architecture and design, music, visual arts, and politics were published. We also like to remind you to make comments on the articles as well as we wish all our readers a joyful reading experience.

The JOSHA Team is very pleased to share with you information about our second Demetrios Prize 2019. For the categories BACHELOR, MASTER and DOCTORAL thesis the International Academy of Science, Humanities and Arts (IASHA e.V.) supported by the Biothera Foundation will select 3 theses in each category and award a prize of € 500 each. Our editors will select the winners. The manuscripts of the winners will be published in the Journal of Science, Humanities, and Arts - JOSHA, with a unique DOI for each paper. Theses in either GERMAN, ENGLISH, FRENCH or SPANISH may be submitted. Bachelor, Master, and doctoral theses should be submitted by mail to admin@josha-archive.org.until June 15, 2019. The “Journal of Science, Humanities, and Arts – JOSHA” has been initiated to create a novel internet platform to access the broad diversity of important discoveries and creativity in the fields of Science, Humanities, and Arts.

Drawn words are better recalled than written! Furthermore, pictures are better remembered than items studied as words even when test items are presented as words, clearly, and evidently presented in many conducted research tests. The picture superiority effect showed a clear developmental trend. Designing commercial buildings poses urban and compositional challenges, especially when the production process implies the use of various technological equipment that can pollute the environment. In general, Kosovo's industrial development was based on the exploitation of raw materials and their processing to a certain degree, but not to a satisfactory degree of processing and finalization. The diversity of design of complex structures must always be in line with the requirements of technological processes, trends, economic development, environmental protection, and sustainable human development.

Leander Hotaki is since 2010 the director of the German program called "Albert Konzerte" which is a program in charge of making possible to bring the greatest artist of the World to Freiburg and to make the most wonderful concerts in the south-west of Germany. In fact, he also promotes the work of the best students in the field of dramaturge or music in many universities in Germany and writes columns about different topics around music and musicians. This time he writes about the business in the music world. In contrast to many medium-sized companies, many musician families systematically build up "successors", even over many years: the children receive the best education, are involved in projects, travel the world with their parents and for their part build up a network.

At JOSHA, we strive towards getting literary contributions from diverse topics and fields. In this issue, we again saw very exciting contributions from authors and the focus was on art, literature, and history. Through the bilingual articles ‘’Art- the mother of all discoveries’’, Stefan Seiler and Zazie-Charlotte Pfeiffer brought us the details about the successful concert organized by The International Academy of Sciences, Humanities, and Arts for the second time. The event was hosted by IASHA e.V. and Marcel Thimm, CEO of Sparkasse Freiburg and saw extraordinary performances and turned out be an eventful evening brimming with art. ©2015 The Authors. Published by the International Academy of Sciences, Humanities, and Arts under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

Science meets art! The International Academy of Sciences, Humanities, and Arts organizes a successful concert for the second time. With the motto "Art opens the mind and heart," the deputy chairman of IASHA e. V. Prof. dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Roland Mertelsmann opens the successful symbiosis of music, poetry and scientific talent development. The event was hosted by IASHA e.V. and Marcel Thimm, CEO of Sparkasse Freiburg. IASHA e.V. is a non-profit organization with the aim of creating and supporting the international and interdisciplinary exchange between researchers, artists, philosophers and interested parties. The focus is on promoting young scientists and artists through scholarships, prizes and the opportunity to publish in the Journal of Sciences, Humanities, and Arts.

What is the role of the northern Nigerian Muslim women in national development? This is a question for which we do not have a good answer. All that we know is how important women are in marital life as housewives but their role in politics and civil service remain obscure. This is because the literature on Nigeria's national development is relatively silent on the contributions of Muslim women. In northern Nigeria, awareness about the role of Muslim women in development gained momentum in 1985 with the formation of The Federation of Muslim Women’s Associations in Nigeria (FOMWAN). Awareness was further enhanced in 1995 as a result of the effective participation of northern Nigerian Muslim women in the International Conference on Women in Beijing, China. The case study is an attempt to analyze the role of Muslim Women in an urban middle-class context in Northern Nigeria.

The relationship between the religions, customs, and status of women across the world is an enduring global mystery. In northern Nigeria, several years ago, Muslim women remain disadvantaged in many areas of life, including education, employment, health, and civil rights. Gradually, some of the changes appeared in the picture which have greatly improved the lives and status of women in the region, particularly the social, economic and political status. The northern Nigerian Muslim women have switched over from the backstage to the forward. Hence, in northern Nigeria today, we have women in virtually all spheres of life. A lot has been said about the status of women in northern Nigeria, however, so far, most research was limited to general introduction or explanations to the single facts, such as polygyny, divorce etc. This research-which I consider a pilot study is a description of the changing status of Muslim women in northern Nigeria.