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The diminished inflammatory response in patients with febrile neutropenia secondary to chemotherapy makes it hard to discard a urinary tract infection based solely on the physical evaluation of the patient and basic urine laboratory tests. This could lead to false negative results with serious consequences to the patients. Objective: To define if the urinary tract infection is a high-risk predictor of severe complications in the pediatric patient with febrile neutropenia-related with chemotherapy and to establish the diagnostic significance of normal urine sediment in the initial study. Methods: A Cross-sectional study of diagnostic technology. We included children with ages from 2 to 18 years old, with severe febrile neutropenia related to chemotherapy, we compared patients with and without urinary tract infection and evaluated poor prognosis outcomes and analyzed the diagnostic efficiency of urinalysis.

International Academy of Science, Humanities and Arts, IASHA e.V. Freiburg, Deutschland The JOSHA Demetrios Project With the July 2017 issue, JOSHA is starting the Demetrios Project. We chose Demetrios of Phaleron, a student of Theophrastus and most probably of Aristotle, as the name patron of our project. Demetrios was instrumental in establishing the ancient Library of Alexandria, probably the largest and most significant library of the ancient world covering all aspects of Science, Humanities and the Arts in many different languages. It is our objective to open up JOSHA as a universally accessible, open access library to all languages and countries. We encourage authors and readers to submit their textbooks for publication in JOSHA free of charge and to alert us to specific areas of need. The non-profit International Academy of Science, Humanities, and Arts (IASHA e.V.) in Freiburg, the publisher of JOSHA, and all its members will make a special effort to support this project.

In this paper, Dr. Mastroleo develops a normative model for the obligation of continued access to an investigational medicine towards research subjects from the perspective of social or distributive justice inspired in the theory of justice of John Rawls. He calls this the democratic reciprocity model. The original idea of the democratic reciprocity model is to claim that the obligation of continued access correlates with the right to health. Thus, within the Rawlsian framework, he argues that the moral reasons giving weight to the obligation of continued access are, indirectly, the principle of fair equality of opportunity and, directly, the duty of justice and/or the principle of fairness that apply to the members of a society understood as a system of social cooperation. INSTITUTION: CONICET, Argentina. [Article in Spanish]

ENGLISH: We are experiencing the greatest technological and scientific advances in the history of mankind with a profound impact on the concepts, research and practice of medicine. SPANISH: Estamos en la Era de las Revoluciones Tecnológicas y Científicas más Grandes en toda la historia de la Humanidad. Hoy en casi la segunda Década del siglo XXI la Neurociencia nos asombra tanto como la Física Cuántica. Claro lo que está sucediendo es que la Medicina ya se parece más a un Arte y Ciencia que a la antigua y hasta nostálgica imagen de la medicina tradicional.

Todos los días se prueban nuevos psicofármacos, tratamientos para el VIH/SIDA o el cáncer, entre otras enfermedades. Algunos de esos tratamientos son lo suficientemente exitosos como para cronificar enfermedades antes consideradas mortales, como los antirretrovirales para el VIH/SIDA o el imatinib para la leucemia mieloide a principios del 2000. No obstante, antes de que puedan ser comercializados o estar disponibles en los sistemas de salud pública, deben pasar por una serie de rigurosas pruebas de calidad, seguridad y eficacia. Estas pruebas implican el testeo de las drogas en animales y su estudio en seres humanos, sanos o enfermos. Estrictas normas de buenas prácticas científicas y éticas regulan todo el proceso de las investigaciones biomédicas. El problema de mi tesis se centra en el momento de la finalización de los estudios en seres humanos.