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The JOSHA Team had two times in this year the great opportunity to visit not only the atelier but also the Carlos Cruz-Diez Foundation in Paris, France. Our second visit was an incredible interview with the daughter of this grate Op-Art and president of the Foundation, Adriana Cruz Diez. She said: "My father is clearly the creator and the person with the ideas. We, the other family members, are helping. We are aware that we are in a privileged position to do so". Carlos Cruz-Diez, born in Caracas in 1923, belongs to the avant-garde of so-called op art and kinetic art and is already titled "Master of Color."

Introduction: The serial measurement of serum lactate is essential for monitoring the therapeutic response of initial resuscitation and damage control in patients with vascular trauma, as well as a predictor of morbidity and mortality. Case report: We present a 25-year-old male patient who suffers trauma due to knife wound in the thorax with vascular injury, in whom a serial measurement of serum lactate, damage control and resuscitation was performed; subsequently, a vascular lesion was diagnosed, and vascular exploration of the subclavian vessels + arteriotomy was carried out due to the finding of vasospasm in the axillary artery with in situ thrombus and subclavian artery raffia. Conclusions: The serial measurement of serum lactate and its rapid clearance in the first hours of the event successfully predicts a low probability of morbidity and mortality despite the characteristics and severity of the trauma. ©2015 The Authors.

Destiny is that force which guides the will of the men, however, they want in many cases to go against that delineated force. The classic conception of tragedy glimpses the prevailing contradiction between happiness and misfortune. The tragic stories emerge as a living and very intense lesson about the decisions which men adopt freely without considering those extreme laws ruled by fate and by the gods. This work is oriented towards the philosophical and aesthetic study of the Oedipus Rex Tragedy by Sophocles. Likewise said writing is sustained under the philosophical and aesthetic foundations of Nietzsche and Aristotle.

Universal access to knowledge is a fundamental principle of science and humanities. Today, however, publications of science and humanities are locked behind high paywalls and non-transparent selection procedures. In the efforts to resolve the misery, a first important milestone was the “Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities” of 2003. This year, a second milestone was reached: Eleven European research funding institutions have committed to require from 2020 on that all results from research funded by these institutions are published immediately in compliant Open Access journals or platforms. The negative liabilities of Peer-review procedures, including the “Semmelweis reflex” are shown to represent further barriers for an immediate universal dissemination of knowledge. The original article (DOI: 10.17160/josha.5.9.488).

We present the case of a 15 years old female patient admitted to the Critical Care Unit. The patient was scheduled for extubation with a tube exchanger. However, the tube exchanger broke inside the patient's airway immediately after extubation requiring surgical intervention, which was successfully performed.

JOSHA, being a multilingual online library and free access journal available in all countries, has been a part of the incredible works of great authors in the lines of science, humanities, and arts. A recent event organized in Paris took us far away from our geographical limits and allowed us to make very important connections with people who have the same purpose as JOSHA has, to share art. Art is a human expression that comes to us every day in many ways and every innovative idea or thought that contributes to the community is worthy to be presented to the world as Art. That is why we at JOSHA are proud to present you one of the greatest artists of the 20th century, Carlos Cruz Diez and his Art.

Fine arts is a product of the genius search to wake up all the sensitive capacity in the spectator enabling an aesthetic reflection, which can either be intellectual or sensory character. This work is oriented towards the aesthetic and metaphysical study of the Fine Arts, specifically of music and poetry. The study particularly focusses on Kant, Nietzsche and Schiller's esthetics argumentations. These German philosophers attended with their philosophical ideas to the particular essence of the poetry and music. The general objective of this work consists of the philosophical analysis of a possible metaphysic hierarchy between the music and the art of poetizing; thereby, it proceeds to interpret three ground works for the justification of the problem raised. The following are the titles: The Critique of Judgment, The Born of the Tragedy, Naive Poetry and Sentimental Poetry.

"El simbolismo de la libertad. Un medio de autoretrato nacional" is a book who has been written by the German lawyer Thomas Württenberger. The original title in German is "Symbole der Freiheit: Zu den Wurzeln westlicher politischer Kultur". This article includes the translation into Spanish by María Sandoval of the 7th chapter which is about the symbolism of freedom in South America and Central America during their independent years.

The Winter School of Biomedical Sciences is a 5 months international program at the University of Freiburg. It is designed as an intensive time of studies and research with specific and practical training that qualifies for success in academia or the private sector. In addition to the modules, students can choose a personal research project. Each research project is individually supervised and involves eight weeks of lab work, that is seven weeks of experimental work followed by a week of data analysis and a written lab report in the format of a scientific research publication. La Escuela de Invierno en Ciencias Biomédicas es un programa internacional de 5 meses de duración en la Universidad de Friburgo. Está diseñado como un tiempo de investigación y estudios intensivos, con entrenamiento específico y práctico que califica a los participantes para el éxito en el sector académico o industrial.

Among the population undergoing a mastectomy due to breast cancer, the incidence of chronic neuropathic pain syndrome (CNPS) is between 20 and 50%. This pathology increases the morbidity, delaying not only the rehabilitation process but also the return to daily activities with an impact on life quality. Given its difficult management, it is important to seek preventive strategies and interventions. Pregabalin is a therapeutic option because of its antineuropathic mechanism, of which its preventive efficacy in this syndrome is not clear.