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More than 30 years have passed since the Hubble Space Telescope was put into orbit at 7 km per second and 500 km far from the Earth surface. After a few (not so minor) adjustments, the Hubble Telescope gathered data that has been published in more than 15,000 scientific articles. On the contrary of what was hypothesized during the late 90s, the Hubble Telescope was critical for determining that the universe is expanding, and that the expansion velocity is actually increasing. This also supported the idea of the existence of dark energy and dark matter, something that we still do not understand at all, but occupies 68 and 27% of the Universe, respectively. It is expected that the Hubble Telescope will be operational until 2030, and then replaced by the James Webb Space Telescope. The Hubble Telescope gave us the most striking images we have from our Universe so far. This is it´s story.

The concept of violence is of great relevance to our society and is presented as a problem that affects young people in Colombia, encountering difficulties both for its identification and for the generation of care actions. It is not enough to establish that a person is violated, as there is the possibility of repeating the cycle of violence without generating the necessary changes to stop it in areas such as the family or in general in their environment and context. aim. Learn about the social representations of violence in the family of students at the Politécnico Grancolombiano. Method. The present work is based on mixed research methods, with a concurrent design of quantitative weight and a descriptive scope. Results. It is found that 31.1% of the population manifests different types of violence in the family, the main ones being physical, emotional, and psychological violence.

The COVID-19 pandemic has modified the routines of people with Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD), who, due to their health condition, may suffer changes in their habits and their adherence to treatment may be affected. OBJECTIVE: To identify the level of adherence to treatment and the reasons for living of people with NCDs in the midst of COVID-19 confinement. METHOD: descriptive quantitative study. A digital questionnaire was used based on the Morisky Green tests, the Reasons for Living Inventory and the Bonilla and De Reales Test. Ninety-six people participated. RESULTS: participants have enough and multiple reasons to live, present moderate risk of adherence to non-pharmacological treatment, low and medium levels of pharmacological adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Social factors associated with COVID-19 and NCD do not constitute a risk factor for suicidal ideation, but for non-adherence to treatment.

In the last decade, microfluidic devices have played an important role in many biological, chemical, and engineering applications. With this premise, in this work, microfluidic devices have been successfully developed for the optical sensing of cells with a solid-state immersed micropore chemically manufactured. In addition, cell death was assessed with chemotherapeutic drugs through fluorescence labeling of cell biomolecules to identify types of cell death. It is noteworthy that in this thesis a method of microfluidic device manufacturing was developed. This methodology does not need access to a cleanroom facility. In such a way, it is possible to integrate microfluidics in any laboratory. Several microfluidic device designs were fabricated and investigated to evaluate the ability of epoxy resin to replicate microstructures and to transfer them to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for assembling microfluidic devices.

Lockdown measures to fight the COVID-19 pandemic led to a secondary improvement in the air quality of major cities worldwide. Decreased mobility and slowing down of industrial and economic activity explain most of this effect. Unfortunately, when easing measures were implemented, air quality rapidly dropped to the levels observed before the lockdown. Moreover, no significant benefit has been evidenced in current Global Warming and Climate Change. In this article, originally published in El Gato y La Caja, Timoteo Marchini presents how the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need of humans to establish a healthy relationship with the environment, not only for our development but for our survival.

Brain electrical signals allow the brain mechanisms underlying cognitive processes to be subjected to analysis. The present literature review aims to present the results of the most recent studies on brain signals involved in cognition. The literature search was performed using databases such as Google Scholar, Jama Neurology and PubMed. Twelve studies conducted between 2015 and 2020 were selected. The findings report that the processing of brain electrical signals is variable and that such variability is linked to the specific demands and difficulty levels of cognitive tasks.

Humans have been consuming tobacco for 4500 years. It started as a part of religious rituals but became popular when suggested to cure diseases and considered cool. Nowadays, it is associated with 15% of total deaths worldwide, and represent one of the main Public Health issues in the agenda. Most tobacco users need between eight to ten attempts to quit smoking. In this context, vaping emerges as a safer alternative to conventional smoking. However, vaping might not be completely safe. In this article, originally published in El Gato y La Caja, pros and cons of vaping versus smoking are presented. Ilustradora: Mariana Ruiz Johnson Fecha de publicación: 30/5/20 Link a la nota original: https://elgatoylacaja.com/pucho-vs-vapo/

In most cases, experiments performed in animal models represent a valuable tool to understand human diseases. However, to a greater or lesser extent, there can be some degree of subjectivity on how scientists analyze the obtained data. We have to be especially careful to look at it as fairly as possible. Otherwise, we might see whatever each of us wants to see. In February 2013, Junhee Seok showed that mouse models poorly mimic human wound healing mechanisms. In June 2014, Keizo Takao and Tsuyoshi Miyakawa used the same data, but with a different statistical analysis, to conclude the opposite. This is their story. Previously published on: 25/6/2018 Link to the original article: https://elgatoylacaja.com.ar/de-rat

Given a list of cities and the distances between each pair of them, which is the shortest route available to visit every city and return to the first one? This scenario, called the travelling salesperson problem, is one of the most studied problems in optimization. In this article, originally published in El Gato y La Caja, Pablo González tell us how to approach it by taking a deep look at how Physarum polycephalum protists grow. Ilustrador: Juan Pablo Delaccha Fecha de publicación: 2/7/2018 Link a la nota original: https://elgatoylacaja.com.ar/aprender-de-hongos/

The thought of identity and recognition occupies an increasingly important place in Charles Taylor`s thinking. It has even sparked the interest of thinkers like Michel Walzer and Jürgen Habermas to name just a few. In this way, his critique of the innumerable problems of the present ended up adapting a historical form. This article analyzes the diverse forms of approach to thematic creation in the work Philosophical Arguments, concentrating exclusively on Chapter 12 "The politics of recognition".